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Volume-5, Issue-1 (Jan-June)

Table of Contents

NUTRIGENOMICS OF FERMENTED DAIRY: LASSI AND THE GUT GENE AXIS – IMPLICATIONS FOR INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE MODULATION IN THE PUNJABI POPULATION

Author: Arvinder Kaur

Country: India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21699314

Page No: 1-11

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NUTRIGENOMICS OF FERMENTED DAIRY: LASSI AND THE GUT GENE AXIS – IMPLICATIONS FOR INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE MODULATION IN THE PUNJABI POPULATION

Author: Arvinder Kaur

Country: India

The traditional Punjabi diet, characterized by high consumption of fermented dairy products such as dahi (curd) and lassi, provides a rich source of indigenous probiotics that interact with the host genome via the gut-gene axis. Nutrigenomics elucidates how these probiotics modulate gene expression, particularly in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway—a critical regulator of insulin sensitivity—and inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. This comprehensive review synthesizes evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies, focusing on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains (e.g., Lactobacillus plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. acidophilus) prevalent in home-set Punjabi curd. Key findings indicate that lassi-derived probiotics inhibit NF-κB activation,downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines by 40-70% in intestinal epithelial cells, and upregulate PI3K/AKT-mTOR pathways, enhancing anti-inflammatory IL-10 and gut barrier integrity. In db/db diabetic mice, LAB mixtures reduced fasting blood glucose by promoting PI3K/AKT signaling and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Human trials with fermented dairy show reduced CRP and cytokine levels in high-dairy consumers. Punjabi-specific contexts reveal daily dairy intake (1-2 L milk equivalents) correlates with lower inflammation markers, attributed to strain-specific effects of local LAB.

ਜਪੁਜੀ ਦੇ ਪੰਜ ਖੰਡ

Author: ਰਾਜਿੰਦਰ ਕੌਰ

Country: India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21699341

Page No: 12-17

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ਜਪੁਜੀ ਦੇ ਪੰਜ ਖੰਡ

Author: ਰਾਜਿੰਦਰ ਕੌਰ

Country: India

ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ ਨੇ ਜਪੁਜੀ ਦੇ ਅੰਤ ਦੇ ਕਰੀਬ 34ਵੀਂ ਤੋਂ 37ਵੀਂ ਚਾਰ ਪੌੜੀਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਪੰਜ ਖੰਡਾਂ ਦਾ ਵਰਣਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੈ | ਖੰਡ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦਾ ਅਰਥ ਹੈ ਟੁਕੜਾ', ਹਿੱਸਾ, ਭਾਗ ਆਦਿ। ਪੰਜ ਖੰਡਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ ਇਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਹਨ:-
1 .ਧਰਮ ਖੰਡ 2 .ਗਿਆਨ ਖੰਡ 3 .ਸਰਮ ਖੰਡ 4 .ਕਰਮ ਖੰਡ 5 .ਸੱਚਖੰਡ
ਪਹਿਲੇ ਤਿੰਨ ਖੰਡ ਕਰਮਵਾਰ 34ਵੀਂ, 35ਵੀਂ ਤੇ 36ਵੀਂ ਪੌੜੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਏ ਹਨ ਤੇ ਅੰਤਲੇ ਦੋ ਖੰਡ 37ਵੀਂ ਪੌੜੀ ਵਿੱਚ। ਇਹਨਾਂ ਦੋਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਇੱਕੋ ਪੌੜੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਰੱਖਣ ਦਾ ਵੀ ਕੋਈ ਭੇਦ ਹੈ। ਡਾ.ਜੋਗਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ''ਜਪੁਜੀ ਇਕ ਵਿਚਾਰ ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਬਾਣੀ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਦੀਆਂ 34 ਤੋਂ 37 ਤੱਕ ਦੀਆਂ ਪੌੜੀਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਸਚਿਆਰ ਪਦ ਨੂੰ ਪਹੁੰਚਣ ਦੇ ਪੰਜ ਪੜਾਅ ਵਰਨਣ ਕੀਤੇ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਦੱਸਿਆ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਸਾਧਕ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਇਕ ਪੜਾਅ ਵਿਚ ਅੱਗੇ ਵਧਦਾ ਹੈ। ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ ਨੇ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਪੜਾਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਹੀ 'ਖੰਡ' ਕਿਹਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਹ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਾ ਮੌਲਿਕ ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਹੈ।''1

EVOLUTION OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT IN INDIA: CONTRIBUTIONS OF INDIAN ECONOMISTS

Author: Baljinder Kaur

Country: India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21699372

Page No: 18-22

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EVOLUTION OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT IN INDIA: CONTRIBUTIONS OF INDIAN ECONOMISTS

Author: Baljinder Kaur

Country: India

Indian economic thought has been shaped by social institutions, political transformations, and academic traditions over a long chronological process. From ancient thesis on governance and statecraft to current theories of development and welfare economics, Indian scholars have played a leading role in the international community on economics, including world class writings on development, the
economy and sociology. Traditional writings like the Arthashastra attributed to Kautilya provide systematic understanding of taxation, trade regulation, public finance, and economic administration and contribute to initial economic ideas in India. During the colonial period, Indian economists started to realize the economic burden of British rule and the Drain Theory as a result of this study. M. G. Ranade and R. C. Dutt considered issues pertaining to industrialisation, economic nationalism and historical genesis of poverty in India in late 19th and early 20th century literature. Indian economists have played a pivotal role in development economics and public policy in the twentieth century. The writings of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, P. C. Mahalanobis and Amartya Sen provided us significant theoretical and experimental advances in economics, both in economic planning and numerical methods, and, welfare economics and human development. Their theories influenced domestic policy making and international academic debates. My analysis seeks to uncover the developmental history of economic philosophy in India and point out influential contributions of key Indian economists. By comparing their theories, writings and policy inputs, the research explains how Indian economic thinking emerged as both a reaction to specific historical problems and as emerging from international economic conversations

INDIAN MATHEMATICAL HERITAGE: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF GLOBAL MATHEMATICAL KNOWLEDGE

Author: Paramjit Singh Dhillon

Country: India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21699459

Page No: 23-28

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INDIAN MATHEMATICAL HERITAGE: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF GLOBAL MATHEMATICAL KNOWLEDGE

Author: Paramjit Singh Dhillon

Country: India

Ancient India is a cultural heritage of all mathematics. A number of centuries of
research by Indian mathematicians built up into a mathematical theory which has been used effectively in science around the world. From the mathematical formulas of the Sulbasutras in mathematics to the algebraic and astronomical treatises of the classical mathematicians that are written in mathematics, Indian mathematics is an integrated and innovative approach to theory. To the best of our knowledge, the greatest accomplishment of Indian mathematicians was to make decimal place-value number systems and the fact that zero is a symbol and mathematical concept. These were the early developments in numerical computation which brought the concept of numerical computation from the Islamic world to Europe and became the basic mathematics and science of modern day and modern math. Some of the key scholars who introduced the concept of Algebra, Trigonometry, and Number Theory were Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskara II. Their compositions such as Aryabhatiya and Brahma sphuta siddhanta were structured in the terms of solving equations, calculating planetary motion, and carrying out numerical work. Mathematical thought in the Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics developed over the centuries and so did infinite series and early versions of calculus in the past which were not possible in
Europe. The evolution of Indian mathematics and its impact on world civilization and
science across centuries is discussed in this paper. The reading points out classical and
academic perspectives of Indian mathematics studies to bring out original, deep and
interlocking Indian mathematics thought in textbooks as well as historical
developments. Their findings suggest Indian mathematical thought was not just a tool
for practical problem-solving issues of astronomy, architecture and commerce, but
also had the basic theoretical foundation of mathematics in all civilizations. It starts
then with that heritage you can put down your head, so we start to understand science
is interrelated in history and that India’s contribution to the broader mathematical
tradition did not end but is still going on.

VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND SKILL INDIA: A THEORETICAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Author: Vikramjit Singh

Country: India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21699498

Page No: 29-36

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VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND SKILL INDIA: A THEORETICAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Author: Vikramjit Singh

Country: India

Purpose – This study critically examines the role of vocational education and training (VET) in enhancing employability within the context of India’s Skill India initiative through a comprehensive theoretical synthesis of existing literature.
Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, synthesizing 50 peer-reviewed studies published between 1965 and 2025. The review identifies key thematic dimensions, including human capital development, institutional frameworks, training quality, industry collaboration, and emerging digital skill requirements.
Findings – The analysis reveals that vocational education significantly contributes to
employability, productivity, and economic development. However, its effectiveness is
constrained by persistent challenges such as curriculum mismatch, inadequate training quality, weak industry linkages, and institutional fragmentation. The findings further highlight the growing importance of digital competencies and demand-driven training systems in improving workforce outcomes.
Practical implications – The study suggests that policymakers and training institutions
should prioritize curriculum alignment with industry needs, enhance training quality, and strengthen industry partnerships to improve employability outcomes.
Originality/value – By integrating five decades of research into a unified theoretical
framework, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of vocational education systems and identifies critical areas for reform in the Indian context.

Keywords: Digital competencies, Economic development, Employability, Skill India and
Vocational education,

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FOUR-YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME UNDER NEP 2020: POLICY VISION AND INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES

Author: Parmesher Singh, Suman Preet Kaur

Country: India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21699565

Page No: 37-45

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IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FOUR-YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME UNDER NEP 2020: POLICY VISION AND INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES

Author: Parmesher Singh, Suman Preet Kaur

Country: India

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 made a lot of big changes to the Indian higher
education system. One of these changes was the Four-Year Undergraduate Programme (FYUP). The FYUP wants to promote interdisciplinary and holistic education, make undergraduate research more focused, and provide students more options for how to study and when to leave. This policy objective strives to bring Indian higher education in line with worldwide academic standards while also making sure that students learn the critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills they will need in the twenty-first century. This study analyses the policy goal and the execution of the Four-Year Undergraduate Program under NEP 2020, as well as the institutional challenges faced by higher education institutions. To understand the targeted outcomes and the practicalities of implementation, the research analyses policy documents, academic publications, and relevant literature using a descriptive and analytical approach. The report stresses that even while the FYUP framework encourages research engagement, skill development, and learning across disciplines, many institutions have a lot of operational problems. Some of these disadvantages include poor infrastructure, not enough trained academics, difficulty with changing the curriculum, inadequate awareness among stakeholders, and issues with credit transfer and academic flexibility.

OPTION CHAIN ANALYSIS FOR SHORT-TERM MARKET PREDICTION: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF NIFTY 50

Author: Mukesh Kumar, Monika, Darshpreet Kaur

Country: India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21699613

Page No: 46-51

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OPTION CHAIN ANALYSIS FOR SHORT-TERM MARKET PREDICTION: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF NIFTY 50

Author: Mukesh Kumar, Monika, Darshpreet Kaur

Country: India

Financial markets are complex and ever-changing systems shaped by investor psychology, retail participation, and the continuous flow of data. Understanding and predicting market movements is not just about numbers—it requires connecting data with behaviour and observing how different forces interact in real time. In recent years, option chain analysis has emerged as a practical and widely used approach for interpreting short-term market trends, offering valuable insights into market sentiment and participant positioning. This study explores key option chain indicators such as the Put-Call Ratio (PCR), Open Interest (OI), and institutional investor positioning to evaluate short-term investment opportunities in the Nifty 50 index, India’s benchmark stock index. Using publicly available derivatives data, the research identifies recurring patterns and meaningful trends, focusing on how different participants—retail investors, Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs), and Domestic Institutional Investors (DIIs) adjust their positions in response to price changes and market volatility.

CONTOURS OF LINGUISTIC FEDERALISM: THE PUNJABI SUBA MOVEMENT AND THE REORGANISATION OF PUNJAB, 1947–1966

Author: Narpinder Singh Nagra

Country: India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21700393

Page No: 52-56

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CONTOURS OF LINGUISTIC FEDERALISM: THE PUNJABI SUBA MOVEMENT AND THE REORGANISATION OF PUNJAB, 1947–1966

Author: Narpinder Singh Nagra

Country: India

The reorganisation of Punjab in 1966 represents one of the most revealing moments in the making of India’s federal structure, shaped by the long and often turbulent history of the Punjabi Suba movement. Rather than viewing this movement through narrow binaries either as a linguistic claim or a communal project this article approaches it as a layered historical process in which language, religion and political uncertainty after Partition became deeply entangled. In Punjab, language was never merely a tool of communication; it was inseparable from script, memory and identity and therefore carried profound political meaning. By situating the Punjabi Suba demand within the broader trajectory of linguistic recorganisation in India, this study highlights what made Punjab distinctive. The movement unfolded in a region still marked by the violence and dislocation of Partition, where demographic shifts and competing affiliations shaped how communities defined their linguistic loyalties. Drawing on legislative debates, Akali Dal documents and contemporary public discourse, the article argues that the demand for Punjabi Suba was driven as much by historical experience and insecurity as by constitutional ideals of linguistic equality. The eventual creation of Punjab in 1966 resolved the immediate demand, yet it did not bring closure. Instead, it generated new tensions over territory, resources and identity. The Punjabi Suba movement thus offers a critical lens through which to understand both the possibilities and the inherent limits of accommodating diversity within India’s federal framework

भारतीय लोकतंत्र में स्त्री मुक्ति के प्रयासों की आवश्यकता और डॉ रमेश पोखरियाल निशंक की पहल

Author: मीना कुमारी

Country: India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21700446

Page No: 57-63

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भारतीय लोकतंत्र में स्त्री मुक्ति के प्रयासों की आवश्यकता और डॉ रमेश पोखरियाल निशंक की पहल

Author: मीना कुमारी

Country: India

भारतीय लोकतंत्र को दुनिया का सबसे बड़ा लोकतंत्र माना जाता है, जहाँ नागरिकों को समानता, स्वतंत्रता, अभिव्यक्ति और निर्णय‑निर्माण में भागीदारी का संवैधानिक अधिकार प्राप्त है। परंतु इस विशाल लोकतांत्रिक ढांचे में भी स्त्री मुक्ति और महिला सशक्तिकरण की आवश्यकता आज भी उतनी ही गहरी है, जितनी स्वतंत्रता‑पूर्व काल में थी। भारतीय समाज अभी भी पितृसत्तात्मक संरचनाओं, लैंगिक असमानता, शिक्षा और रोजगार में अंतर, घरेलू हिंसा और राजनीतिक प्रतिनिधित्व की कमी जैसी समस्याओं से जूझ रहा है, जिन्हें दूर करने के लिए स्त्री मुक्ति के संघर्ष को लोकतंत्र की मुख्यधारा में लाना अनिवार्य है। इसी संदर्भ में, पूर्व केंद्रीय मानव संसाधन विकास मंत्री एवं शिक्षाविद् डॉ. रमेश पोखरियाल ‘निशंक’ ने शिक्षा, स्वरोजगार और सामाजिक सुरक्षा के क्षेत्र में कई ऐसी पहल की हैं, जो स्त्री मुक्ति की दिशा में लोकतांत्रिक भारत के लिए महत्वपूर्ण कदम साबित हो रही हैं। इस शोध‑पत्र में हम इस विषय को तीन भागों में देखेंगे: भारतीय लोकतंत्र में स्त्री मुक्ति की सैद्धांतिक आवश्यकता, वर्तमान वास्तविकता और चुनौतियाँ, डॉ. रमेश पोखरियाल निशंक की शैक्षिक और सामाजिक पहलों का विश्लेषण

ਇਰਾਨ–ਇਜ਼ਰਾਈਲ ਅਤੇ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਸੰਘਰਸ਼ : ਇੱਕ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਈ ਵਿਸ਼ਲੇਸ਼ਣ

Author: ਜਤਿੰਦਰ ਕੁਮਾਰ

Country: India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21700516

Page No: 64-66

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ਇਰਾਨ–ਇਜ਼ਰਾਈਲ ਅਤੇ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਸੰਘਰਸ਼ : ਇੱਕ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਈ ਵਿਸ਼ਲੇਸ਼ਣ

Author: ਜਤਿੰਦਰ ਕੁਮਾਰ

Country: India

ਇਹ ਅਧਿਐਨ ਇਰਾਨ–ਇਜ਼ਰਾਈਲ ਸੰਘਰਸ਼ ਨੂੰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਈ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀਕੋਣ ਨਾਲ ਵਿਸ਼ਲੇਸ਼ਿਤ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਦਰਸਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਯੁੱਧ ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਸੈਨਿਕ ਟਕਰਾਅ ਨਹੀਂ, ਸਗੋਂ ਇੱਕ “ਭਾਸ਼ਾਈ ਯੁੱਧ” ਵੀ ਹੈ। ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਦੇਸ਼ ਆਪਣੇ ਬਿਰਤਾਂਤ (narratives) ਰਾਹੀਂ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੋਚ ਅਤੇ ਰਾਜਨੀਤਿਕ ਸਮਰਥਨ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵਿਤ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਆਲੋਚਨਾਤਮਕ ਭਾਸ਼ਣ ਵਿਸ਼ਲੇਸ਼ਣ Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) ਦੇ ਅਧਾਰ ‘ਤੇ ਇਹ ਸਪੱਸ਼ਟ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਸ਼ਕਤੀ (power) ਅਤੇ ਵਿਚਾਰਧਾਰਾ (ideology) ਨੂੰ ਬਣਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ। ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਨੈਤਿਕ ਫਰੇਮਿੰਗ (moral framing) ਵਰਤਦਾ ਹੈ, ਇਰਾਨ ਧਾਰਮਿਕ ਭਾਸ਼ਣ (religious discourse) ਅਤੇ ਡਿਜ਼ੀਟਲ ਪ੍ਰਚਾਰ (digital propaganda) ਵਰਤਦਾ ਹੈ, ਅਤੇ ਇਜ਼ਰਾਈਲ ਬਚਾਅ ਦੇ ਬਿਰਤਾਂਤ (survival narrative) ਬਣਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਇੱਕੋ ਸੰਘਰਸ਼ ਵਿੱਚ ਬਚਾਅ ਦੀਆਂ ਬਹੁ-ਪਰਤੀ ਹਕੀਕਤਾਂ (multiple realities) ਬਣ ਜਾਂਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ।
ਭੂਮਿਕਾ (Introduction): ਯੁੱਧ ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਗੋਲੀਆਂ ਨਾਲ ਨਹੀਂ, ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਵੀ ਲੜਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਹਰ ਦੇਸ਼ ਇੱਕੋ ਘਟਨਾ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਹੱਕ ਵਿੱਚ ਦਿਖਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਇਸਨੂੰ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ ਕਦਮ ਕਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਇਜ਼ਰਾਈਲ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਬਚਾਅ, ਤੇ ਇਰਾਨ ਹਮਲਾ ਦੱਸਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੋਚ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਨਾਲ ਬਦਲੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ।

STRATEGIC UNCERTAINTY AND THE 2026 MIDDLE EAST CRISIS — IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIA

Author: Harpreet Kaur

Country: India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21700593

Page No: 67-71

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STRATEGIC UNCERTAINTY AND THE 2026 MIDDLE EAST CRISIS — IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIA

Author: Harpreet Kaur

Country: India

The Middle East in 2026, is an escalation of war, but fundamentally changes, both in terms of the very character of warfare and the world-system. This crisis, characterized by face-to-face confrontation (with the United States, Israel, and Iran), has brought down the foundation of controlled escalation and replaced it with the condition of ongoing strategic uncertainty. The latter is influenced by the exponential diffusion of precision-strike technologies, the decentralization of military capabilities, and the inherent reversal of the cost-exchange ratio on modern warfare. These are not geopolitical considerations from a distant past for India, but geopolitical concerns that manifest themselves as ongoing strategic challenges facing energy security, the stability of the diaspora, maritime trade, and domestic economic conditions. India also needs to realign its strategic posture towards resilience, adaptability and more proactive engagement within an ever more unpredictable international terrain.

RIGHT TO LIFE: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA

Author: Neeru Chopra

Country: India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21700634

Page No: 72-76

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RIGHT TO LIFE: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA

Author: Neeru Chopra

Country: India

The Right to Life is considered the most basic and essential of all human rights, as it forms the foundation on which all other rights depend. Without this right, the existence of any legal or social system becomes meaningless. However, the idea of “life” is not limited to mere physical survival; it also includes the right to live with dignity, security, and basic human conditions.
This research paper attempts to examine the concept of the Right to Life in detail, especially in the Indian context. It focuses on its constitutional basis under Article 21, its gradual expansion through judicial interpretation, and its relevance in present-day society. The paper also discusses important landmark judgments that have widened the scope of this right over time
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Sutlej Journal Of Literature, Sciences And Development Studies

Sutlej Journal is Multidisciplinary, Multilingual, Peer Reviewed Academic Journal of Government College, College Road, Ropar-140001 Affiliated to: Punjabi University, Patiala.

Phone:- +91-9888934889
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